Preeclampsia During Pregnancy: 6 Causes and Dangers

Preeclampsia is one of the dangerous complications that can occur during pregnancy, threatening the health of both mother and baby. Understanding preeclampsia, its causes, signs and prevention is very important to ensure safety throughout the pregnancy. This article will provide a detailed look at preeclampsia, its causes and the potential dangers it brings.

What is Preeclampsia?

• Definition of Preeclampsia

• Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to other organs, usually the liver and kidneys. Preeclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of pregnancy in women with previously normal blood pressure. If not treated promptly, preeclampsia can lead to serious complications, even endangering the lives of mother and fetus.

• Classification of Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is divided into two main types: Mild preeclampsia: Blood pressure is mild and controllable, without causing serious symptoms. Severe preeclampsia: High blood pressure, accompanied by severe symptoms such as severe headache, visual disturbances, upper abdominal pain, and difficulty breathing.

Causes of Preeclampsia

• Genetics

Genetics play a role in the development of preeclampsia. If your mother or sister has had preeclampsia, you are at higher risk of developing the condition. Pre-existing medical conditions such as kidney disease, diabetes, high blood pressure before pregnancy, or autoimmune diseases such as lupus can increase your risk of preeclampsia.

• Special Pregnancy

Special pregnancies such as twins, triplets, or ectopic pregnancies can also increase your risk of preeclampsia.

• Age

Women who are over 35 or under 18 years old when they have their first pregnancy are at higher risk of developing preeclampsia.

• Lifestyle and Diet

Unhealthy lifestyles, lack of exercise, poor diet, obesity, and smoking can all increase your risk of preeclampsia.

• Other Causes

Other factors such as inflammation, stress, and immune problems may also play a role in the development of preeclampsia.

Signs of Preeclampsia

• High Blood Pressure

High blood pressure is the main sign of preeclampsia. If your blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg or higher, you should see your doctor for a check-up.

• Swelling

Swelling, especially in the face and hands, can be a sign of preeclampsia. However, swelling can also be a normal part of pregnancy, so it should be combined with other symptoms to determine the exact cause.

• Severe Headache

• Severe headaches that do not go away after taking common painkillers can be a sign of preeclampsia.

• Visual Disturbances

Visual disturbances such as blurred vision, seeing spots of light, or temporary loss of vision can also be signs of preeclampsia.

• Upper Abdominal Pain

Pain in the upper abdomen, especially below the right rib cage, can be a sign of preeclampsia. This symptom is often caused by liver damage.

• Nausea and Vomiting

Nausea and vomiting can be symptoms of many different problems, but when they occur along with other symptoms of preeclampsia, they need attention.

• Decreased Urine Output

Decreased urine output or inability to urinate can also be a sign of preeclampsia, which is caused by kidney damage.

Dangers of Preeclampsia

For Mothers

• Internal Organ Damage

Preeclampsia can cause damage to many internal organs such as the liver, kidneys and brain. If not treated promptly, it can lead to liver failure, kidney failure or cerebral hemorrhage.

• Eclampsia

Eclampsia is the most dangerous complication of preeclampsia, characterized by uncontrolled seizures. Eclampsia can lead to coma, brain damage or even death if not treated promptly.

• HELLP Syndrome

HELLP syndrome (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelet count) is a serious complication of preeclampsia, causing hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count. This syndrome can threaten the lives of both mother and fetus.

For the Fetus

• Fetal Malnutrition

Preeclampsia reduces blood flow to the placenta, leading to fetal malnutrition, growth retardation, or premature birth.

• Premature Birth

Severe preeclampsia can lead to premature birth, with many health risks for the baby, including respiratory failure, infection, and developmental problems.

• Stillbirth

In severe cases, preeclampsia can lead to stillbirth.

How to Prevent and Treat Preeclampsia During Pregnancy

• Prenatal Care

• Regular prenatal care is the best way to prevent and detect preeclampsia early. Follow your doctor's prenatal check-up schedule and monitor your health regularly.

Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding stimulants such as tobacco and alcohol, can help reduce the risk of preeclampsia.

• Control Blood Pressure

• If you have a history of high blood pressure, control your blood pressure by following your doctor's instructions, taking blood pressure medication if needed, and maintaining a low-salt diet.

• Reduce Stress

Stress can increase your risk of preeclampsia. Find ways to reduce stress, such as yoga, meditation, and healthy recreational activities.

• Use Medications as Prescribed

If you are at high risk of developing preeclampsia, your doctor may prescribe medications to reduce your risk. Follow your doctor’s instructions and dosage exactly.

• Preeclampsia Treatment

If you are diagnosed with preeclampsia, your doctor will monitor you closely and may recommend treatments such as rest, blood pressure medications, and, in severe cases, early delivery to protect the health of you and your baby.

Frequently Asked Questions About Preeclampsia

• Can Preeclampsia Be Cured?

Preeclampsia cannot be cured, but it can be controlled with close monitoring and prompt treatment. After delivery, the symptoms of preeclampsia usually subside and disappear.

• Can You Get Pregnant Again After Preeclampsia?

Women who have had preeclampsia can still get pregnant again, but they need special monitoring and care to reduce the risk of recurrence. Talk to your doctor before deciding to get pregnant again.

• Is Preeclampsia Hereditary?

Preeclampsia has a genetic component. If your mother or sister has had preeclampsia, you are at higher risk of developing the condition. Tell your doctor about your family history so that you can get appropriate advice and follow-up.

• What Are the Signs That Preeclampsia Is Getting Serious?

Signs that preeclampsia is getting worse include very high blood pressure, severe headaches, visual disturbances, upper abdominal pain, decreased urine output, and difficulty breathing. If you experience any of these signs, go to the hospital immediately.

• How to Reduce the Risk of Preeclampsia?

To reduce the risk of preeclampsia, you should maintain a healthy lifestyle, control your blood pressure, reduce stress, and follow a regular prenatal care schedule. Talk to your doctor about preventive measures and regular health monitoring.

Conclusion

Preeclampsia is a dangerous complication during pregnancy that can threaten the health and life of both mother and fetus. Understanding preeclampsia, its causes, signs and prevention is very important to ensure safety throughout the pregnancy. Always pay attention to your health, follow a regular prenatal check-up schedule and consult your doctor if there are any unusual signs. Taking good care of your health during this period is a solid foundation for the healthy development of your baby throughout pregnancy and in the years to come. 

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