12 causes of birth defects in the womb. What pregnant mothers need to know to have a healthy baby

Birth defects are one of the biggest concerns for parents preparing to welcome a new member to the family. These problems not only affect the health and quality of life of the child for life, but also cause heavy psychological pressure on the family. Birth defects can occur while the fetus is still in the mother's womb, and they often originate from many different causes.

So, what causes birth defects in the fetus while still in the womb? In this article, we will delve into the causes that can cause birth defects, thereby helping parents gain more knowledge to prevent and protect their children's health from the first days of pregnancy.

Causes of birth defects in fetuses while still in the womb: Genetic causes

One of the most common causes of birth defects in fetuses is genetic factors. This occurs when there is a change or mutation in the fetus' genes or chromosomes, causing the body's developmental processes to not proceed normally.

Gene mutation

Gene mutations can occur randomly or as a result of environmental factors. When a gene mutates, it can cause changes in the structure or function of certain organs or systems in the body. For example, gene mutations can cause conditions such as Down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, or hemophilia.

Chromosomal disorders

Chromosomal disorders are also an important cause of birth defects. Normally, each person has 23 pairs of chromosomes, but when there is an abnormality in the number or structure of the chromosomes, it will lead to syndromes such as Down syndrome (trisomy 21), Turner syndrome (missing an X chromosome), or Klinefelter syndrome (an extra X chromosome in males).

Environmental influences cause birth defects in fetuses while still in the womb.

The living environment and external factors can greatly affect the development of the fetus, especially in the first weeks of pregnancy.

Exposure to toxic chemicals

Exposure to toxic chemicals during pregnancy can cause birth defects. These include pesticides, heavy metals such as lead or mercury, and chemical compounds found in some industrial products. When pregnant women are exposed to these substances, they can enter the body and directly affect the development of the fetus.

Use of tobacco, alcohol and drugs

Tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs are major risk factors for birth defects. Smoking during pregnancy can lead to problems with lung development, heart defects, and other complications. Likewise, alcohol use can cause Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, which can lead to problems with intellectual and physical development. Drugs, especially stimulants like cocaine, can also cause serious birth defects.

Infections during pregnancy

Infections during pregnancy can also cause birth defects. Infections such as rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), toxoplasmosis, and zika virus can be passed from mother to baby and cause complications such as heart defects, hearing loss, and brain problems.

Nutritional deficiencies cause birth defects in fetuses while still in the womb.

Nutrition plays an important role in fetal development, and deficiencies in certain essential nutrients can lead to birth defects.

Folic acid deficiency

Folic acid is a B vitamin that is essential for the development of the fetal nervous system. Folic acid deficiency in early pregnancy can cause neural tube defects such as spina bifida or anencephaly.

Vitamin and mineral deficiency

In addition to folic acid, deficiencies in other vitamins and minerals such as vitamin D, calcium, iron, and iodine can also affect fetal development. For example, vitamin D deficiency can lead to bone and dental problems in the fetus, while iodine deficiency can cause thyroid and intellectual problems.

Factors of age and health status of the mother

The mother's age and health status are also important factors that influence the risk of birth defects.

Mother's age

Women who become pregnant over the age of 35 have a higher risk of having a baby with a birth defect, especially chromosomal disorders such as Down syndrome. This may be due to the aging of the egg and other genetic factors.

Chronic disease

Chronic maternal conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and lupus can also increase the risk of birth defects. Good control of these conditions during pregnancy is important to reduce the risk.

Use of drugs during pregnancy

Some medications can cause birth defects if used during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester. Therefore, it is important to consult your doctor before using any medication during pregnancy.

Other factors

In addition to the above causes, there are a number of other factors that can contribute to birth defects.

Social and economic factors

Low living standards, lack of access to health and education services, and unsafe working conditions are social and economic factors that can affect the health of the fetus. These factors can increase the risk of birth defects through poor nutrition, exposure to toxic chemicals, and lack of proper medical care.

Stress and psychological pressure

Stress and psychological pressure during pregnancy can also affect the development of the fetus. Studies have shown that prolonged stress can increase the risk of premature birth, low birth weight, and mental health problems in children.

Solutions to prevent birth defects

Although it is not possible to completely eliminate the risk of birth defects, there are many measures that can help reduce this risk.

Pre-pregnancy medical care

Pre-pregnancy medical care, including general health check-ups, vaccinations and genetic counseling, is important to prepare for a healthy pregnancy. This allows for early detection and control of risk factors that can cause birth defects.

Proper nutrition

Ensuring adequate folic acid, vitamins and minerals in the diet before and during pregnancy can help reduce the risk of birth defects. Mothers should focus on eating a balanced diet, including nutrient-rich foods such as green vegetables, fruits, whole grains and proteins from meat and fish.

Avoid exposure to toxic substances

Avoiding exposure to toxic chemicals, tobacco, alcohol and drugs is important to protect the health of the fetus. If you work in a hazardous environment, use protective measures and consult your doctor.

Regular health check-up

Regular prenatal check-ups are an important part of pregnancy care, helping to detect early problems that may affect fetal development and provide timely interventions.

In short

Birth defects are a major concern for parents, but by understanding the causes and taking preventive measures, the risk of birth defects can be reduced while still in the womb.

Medical care, proper nutrition, and a healthy lifestyle are key to ensuring the best health for both mother and baby. Focusing on health before and during pregnancy will help protect the overall development of the fetus and provide a bright future for the younger generation.

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